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Lekce 3 - Present perfect simple and continuous. PøedpøĂtomnĂ˝ èas prostĂ˝ a prĂąbìhovĂ˝.
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PRESENT PERFECT
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POSITIVE SENTENCE |
NEGATIVE SENTENCE |
QUESTION |
| simple |
I / you / we / they have invested.
He / she / it has invested. |
I / you / we / they haven't invested.
He / she / it hasn't invested. |
Have I / you / we / they invested?
Has he / she / it invested? |
| continuous |
I / you / we / they have been investing.
He / she / it has been investing. |
I / you / we / they haven't been investing.
He / she / it hasn't been investing. |
Have I / you / we / they been investing?
Has he / she / it been investing? |
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- Present perfect simple
Činnost nebo událost, která se stala někdy v minulosti - není podstatné kdy (čas nesmí být uveden ani nesmí vyplynout z kontextu, kdy se událost stala, jinak jde o čas minulý); lze použít jen časová určení: already, yet, ever, never, recently, this month, this ...
| I have already purchased a flat |
X |
I purchased a flat last month. |
Stav, který trvá od určité doby v minulosti po současnost - používají se časové předložky "for" a "since". (Chci zdůraznit, že tento stav trval již v minulosti a trvá stále. Pokud chcete říci, že něco trvá jen teď , použijete přítomný čas.)
| I have lived here since 1999 |
X |
I am living in Prague at the moment. I live in Prague. |
Činnost, která se stala "poprvé", "podruhé" apod. "This is the third time he has had a phone call during the last 15 minutes." = "Tohle je potřetí, co telefonuje během posledních 15 minut."
| This is the first time I have been on a business trip. |
OR |
I have never been on a business trip before. |
- Present perfect continuous
Činnost, která začala probíhat v minulosti a stále probíhá; udává se doba - od kdy, jak dlouho už (nejenže činnost probíhá v tomto okamžiku, ale probíhala už nějakou dobu v minulosti.)
| I have been trying to repair the car for 2 hours. |
X |
I am trying to repair the car at the moment. |
Činnost, která probíhala do teď a právě skončila.
| I'm exhausted! I have been repairing the car for 2 hours. |
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(I am not repairing the car any more. I have just finished.) |
- I have done X I have been doing
| I have prepared the report. |
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Připravila jsem tu zprávu. |
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| I have been preparing the report since morning. |
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Od rána tu zprávu připravuji. |
Present perfect simple
se používá pro ukončenou činnost (I have written, I have seen, I have met), nebo obecný stav (I have wanted, I have lived, I have known). |
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Present perfect continuous
se používá pro činnosti probíhající - stále ještě probíhají, anebo právě přestaly probíhat (I have been writing, I have been waiting, I have been negotiating). |
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Nyní už můžete přejít na cvičení 3. lekce.
Cvičení 1 | Cvičení 2
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